THE GREEK COLONISATION

The site of Saturo was chosen around the end of the VIII century B.C. by settlers coming from Sparta to found a new colony. This event has been confirmed not only by the results of archaeological research, but also by ancient sources about the origins of the city of Taras
(Taranto). The city was founded by the Parthenians, inhabitants of Sparta who, for various reasons, were deprived of their rights as citizens. After a failed rebellion, they were exiled and sent to found a colony. Their leader Phalantos went to ask the oracle of Delphi for advice on their destination. The oracle answered him: “I have given you Satyrion and Taras, a rich country to dwell in and to be a plague to the lapygians.”

For this reason, scholars have believed in the past that Saturo was the first landing place of the Spartans in Apulia, prior to the founding of the city of Taras. More recent research, however, has shown that the Greeks settled both in the area of Taranto and in Saturo. They also took possession of the surrounding lands for agricultural activities. 

In this territorial organisation, it seems that Saturo had a religious function above all: already in the VII century B.C. there were two important sanctuaries, one located on the promontory (sanctuary of the Acropolis), the other in the valley north of the Bay of Saturo (known as sanctuary of the Sorgente). However, with all probabilities, Saturo was never the seat of a city. The remains of a small settlement (consisting mostly of drainage channels and recesses for wooden structures), served by a carriage road and dating back to the VI century B.C., have been identified on the plateau next to the Sanctuary of the Sorgente. In addition, some contemporary burials were found nearby and are probably connected to the settlement.

The presence of the sanctuaries certainly stood as a pole of attraction also for other Greek settlers engaged in agriculture who probably inhabited farms or small villages in the area. Some necropolises found around Saturo and the chamber tombs discovered on the plateau next to the sanctuary of the Sorgente would confirm this hypothesis.

The Greek presence in Saturo dates back to the III century B.C.